It cultural practices were given to each tree during is a favourite table fruit and highly valued for its the entire course of investigations to keep the taste, nutritive properties and therapeutic uses. The experiment was laid Peach is rich source of sugars, vitamins and out in a randomized block design with eleven minerals [1]. The detail of the treatments viz. Skin of the wild apricot cake 5. It is a cake 5. The nutrients run-off and leaching losses in Himalayan region, increasing cost of Jeevamrut was prepared at experimental site.
Vermicompost considerably old jaggery, 2 kg gram flour and 1 kg live soil was reduced the incidence of diseases, proportion added. Ingredients were again mixed properly fruits free from any physiological disorders and the volume was made to litre. The indicating that application of vermicompost had mixture in the drum was then allowed to ferment significant role in producing healthy fruits and and during the process of fermentation, solution thereby increasing the fruit yield with better was stirred clockwise regularly three times a day.
The strategy involves The process of fermentation was completed balanced supply of nutrients through integrated within 7 days and Jeevamrut was ready to use. The required manner [5]. The integrated nutrient management quantity of single super phosphate and muriate influences long term sustainability in the of potash along with farm yard manure was production level by improving the soil physico- applied during mid-January.
Nitrogen was chemical and biological properties and increase applied in two split doses; first half dose was availability of nutrient in the soil for next season applied through urea during February about two crop. Incorporation of organic manures is a weeks before flowering and remaining half dose common practice to improve the yield and quality was applied through calcium nitrate one month of fruit crops, which limits chemical intervention after first application.
Oil cakes along with and finally minimizes the negative impact of vermicompost were applied at about two weeks chemical fertilizers on the environment and soil before flowering, during February with the first health. Jeevamrut was applied at full bloom stage to the trees where single application 2.
However, 3 subsequent applications at monthly interval were made to the The present studies were carried out in trees where 4 applications were required.
Jeevamrut was used for drenching of the the corresponding value of total soluble solids to basin area 30 cm away from the tree trunk and the titratable acid content of the fruit juice. Total 10litre of water. For content from the total sugar and multiplying the calculating the yield efficiency, firstly trunk cross difference by standard factor 0. Fruit size was calculated with 3. The a measuring cylinder filled with water up to a minimum fruit set The cake 5.
Thin layer of fruit skin was peeled apricot cake 1. The four application of jeevamrut T It is evident cursory glance of data in Table 1 indicates that from the present investigation that the integrated yield efficiency of the trees was not affected nutrient management treatments significantly significantly by integrated application of organic influenced the fruit set and fruit drop. Fruit drop in and inorganic fertilizers. However, maximum peaches probably occurs due to competition yield efficiency 0.
The yield is of paramount increased availability of nutrients to the plants. On the other hand higher chlorophyll contents Results of present studies indicate that might have accounted for increased synthesis integrated application of inorganic fertilizers and and translocation of photosynthates, which organic manures was successful in maintaining resulted in retention of developing and competing higher levels of peach productivity.
The higher fruit lets. It is apparent from the data resulted in higher fruit set and lower fruit drop presented in Table 1 that fruit yield was and greater size and weight of fruits in the significantly affected by integrated nutrient present studies. Vermicompost contribute to management treatments. Fruit fruit yield [9]. Similarly, [11] in lowest fruit yield Table 1. Effect of integrated nutrient management on fruit set, fruit drop, fruit yield, and yield efficiency of peach cv.
However, lowest fruit weight The maximum fruit length The highest neem cake 5. This treatment was closely followed in trees treated with four applications of by T7 i. However, lowest fruit volume The perusal of data presented in significantly lower than all other treatments. The Table 2 reveals that fruit breadth was perusal of data presented in Table 2 reveals that significantly influenced by conjoint application of combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers organic and inorganic fertilizers.
The fruits with significantly affected the firmness of fruits. The 2 maximum breadth The lowest fruit firmness 5. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Article Information DOI: Osama A. Ogot, Kenya. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design with three replication and fifteen treatments. The result indicated that among all treatment, a treatment V4 was found to be best in terms of all growth parameters and plant defense-related compounds.
The treatment combination of M1V3 has given best results followed by treatment M2V2. The results from this experiment demonstrated the strong synergistic effects between vermicompost and two microbes, as they improved the soil nutrients status by supporting growth and development of plants by producing growth hormones and also protected the plants from diseases by enhancing the production of defense - related compounds.
Keywords: Pea; growth parameters; vermicompost; Trichoderma harzianum; Pseudomonas fluorescens; defense-related compounds. Pea Pisum sativum is among the four important So, the addition or enrichment of vermicompost cultivated leguminous crops next to soya bean, with microbial inoculants enhanced the efficiency groundnut and beans [1].
The importance of this of vermicompost on plant growth as well as crop is many folds as it is used as pulse, defense related compounds in pea plants was vegetable, fodder and industrial crop. Pea is the the intension of the current work was to study. By rich source of protein, carbohydrate, vitamins judicious use of organic manures and and fibers. Besides these, it is an excellent biofertilizers, there is not only sustained crop source of calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium and productivity and better soil health but it also potassium [2].
In India, pulse crops are cultivated helps in supplementing chemical fertilizers for extensively because it requires very low farm crop. India is the 2. Recently access the synergistic effects of vermicompost the growing population and climate change and beneficial microbes T. The experiment that leads to environment degradation, human was conducted in plastic pot of g capacity.
So, there is a growing demand for using 2. Trichoderma harzianum was sub cultured on Earthworms act as natural bioreactor as it PDA media and Pseudomonas fluorescens on stimulates the rate of decomposition of organic nutrient agar media in Petri plates and also in waste materials by increasing both surface area slants for further use. Vermicompost, is used as a potential source of organic inputs for 2.
Cattle dung added with earthworms Eisenia Vermicompost is an excellent plant growth foetida was used to prepare vermicompost. Soil collected from BHU establishment like nitrates, phosphates, farm and gravels, grasses and other stubbles or exchangeable calcium and soluble potassium in plant-debris was removed.
Then soil was mixed easily absorbable form for plants. Soil without vermicompost enriches soil with microorganisms, and enhances was served as control V0. Soil was wetted by germination, plant growth and crop yield by spraying water at two hours interval to maintain improving root growth.
Then soil and vermicompost was mixed thoroughly. About gram of Well studied beneficial microbes such as soil was filled in each plastic pot. Dry weight of viz. These treatments were 2. Fresh leaf tissues 0.
The seeds were methanol, 5 ml of sterile distilled water and 0. Seeds were thoroughly. Absorbance values were converted to Seeds were then allowed to dry overnight.
Plastic pots were kept in net house and soil moisture was maintained by 2. All other cultural assay practices, including watering and weeding were carried out uniformly. PAL is an important plant enzyme that eliminates ammonia from phenylalanine to form trans- 2.
Leaf sample 0. Shoot length cm , root length cm , fresh buffer pH-7 containing 1. Supernatant sowing. Two pots were taken from each obtained was used as the enzyme source. To the treatment. Soil was first removed from root reaction mixture 0. Plants 0. The reaction was started by length and shoot length was measured with the adding 1ml of 0.
The for statistical analysis. After measuring shoot reaction was terminated by adding 0. Reaction mixture studying the effects of Trichoderma on host without enzyme extract served as blank. The plants Kleifeld and Chet [9] obtained similar absorbance was taken at nm. PAL was growth promotion results and reported that some measured by formation of Trans - cinnamic acid Trichoderma spp. The highest value of fresh shoot 2. Almost The slightly modified method of Hammerschmidt similar result was obtained in M1 2.
Dry shoot weight was peroxidase activity by 0. Data shown in Fig. For the assay mixture pipette 1 E indicate the maximum fresh root weight in out 0. The changes in absorbance were recorded weight was recorded in plants obtained from at nm after 30 seconds interval for 3 seed treatment with T. The peroxidase activity was expressed plants from seed treatment with P. So, we can say that T.
Sci 6 11 : Over all it was seen that potassium rate of Fekadu Asfaw It also appears that seed tuber yield of potato Solanum vermicompost showed positive relationship tuberosum L. Regarding to Ethiopia. Journal of Natural Sciences combined application of potassium and Research. Aroiee Effects of different nitrogen and solupotasse fertilizer rate References on yield and yield components of Potato. Anonymous Vermicompost as an and production of horticulture crops.
Environmental Science and Bansal, S. Effect Biotechnology. Effect quality attributes of potato. Karnataka of organic and inorganic fertilizers on Journal of. Potato Brijesh, Ram; Singh, B. Impact of various organic Koodi, Sunita; Singh, S. P; Rolaniya, Manoj treatments on growth, yield and quality Kumar; Gathala, Suman and parameters of potato. Pure Choudhary, Rajbala Effect of Applied Bioscience. Effect of potato Ipomoea batatas Lam. Indian Agriculturist. Gupta, V. Effects of organic manures, chemical Ebert, G.
Potassium nutrition and its fertilizers and biofertilizers on growth effect on quality and post-harvest and productivity of rainfed potato in the properties of potato. Proceedings of the eastern Himalayas. Evaluation of Quality and Reduced Environmental nutritional value of two local potato Damages.
Highlighting the role of potato Manipur, Northeast India. Bioscan 8: in fighting against hunger and poverty. FAO, Rome, Italy.
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